Bosnia, Rwanda, Kosovo, Iraq and Libya Posted by Heather Hurlburt

While we hold our breath to see whether Gaddafi's cease-fire is real, it's worth taking a long view -- in both directions -- on what happened at the UN last night.

19 years ago and 11 years ago, groups of neighboring states, the US and NATO tried and failed to use the UN effectively to get Slobodan Milosevic to back down.  Those efforts -- both of which I was peripherally involved in -- were (justly) criticized as disjointed, slow, unclear, not sufficiently goal-oriented.  Yet the Bosnia efforts eventually ended a war; the Kosovo efforts resulted in a remarkable saving of human life, and the prevention of a regional cataclysm.  What is more -- and unrecognized -- they set up the successful intervention to prevent fighting and a humanitarian catastrophe in Macedonia in 2001.

16 years ago the world chose, with the US and France at the front of that choice, not to intervene in Rwanda.  After that great stain on our common humanity, there were slow and late efforts that helped end killing in Sierra Leone and Liberia; successful efforts to stave off a similar scale of killings in Burundi; herculean efforts to make modest but real progress to protect civilians in Southern Sudan and Darfur; efforts, unequal to the task, in Congo; and the creation of institutions and doctrines, like the International Criminal Court and the Responsibility to Protect, intended to make this task easier.

The resolution passed last night drew on much of the structure created by that painful history.  It drew in -- indeed, was sparked by -- African and Arab governments and found them willing to support measures that have been condemned as "colonialist" over and over in the past -- even to lead in their enforcement. 

This is a remarkable achievement, and a terribly tenuous one.  The countries that are taking the lead in enforcement, and making choices about arming the rebels, have an enormous responsibility.  It is not at all clear how they -- we -- can meet it, for all the reasons Michael has been outlining below.  But whether you're an idealist who still secretly longs for world government, or a realist who wants to see US "hard" power reserved for a strictly limited set of goals, this is a development you must want to see succeed.

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"the Kosovo efforts resulted in a remarkable saving of human life"

thats not true, how does Killing civilians cause a remarkable saving of human life? remember that according to the UNHCR, before the bombing began there were 35,000 refugees and as soon as Nato began bombarding, that number had swelled to 800,000, which is why all charges realting to the Kosovo war were dropped in Milosevic's trial

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