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July 09, 2010

About Those Restrictive Rules of Engagement
Posted by Michael Cohen

As has become his wont Rajiv Chandrasekaren has another must read in the Washington Post today about the issue of rules of engagement in Afghanistan and its impact on civilian casualties. I won't try to summarize the entire piece here, but as Rajiv argues the focus on protecting civilians at all costs is lowering morale, limiting the ability to go after insurgents and is being utilized by Taliban fighters as a weapon against US troops.  

Reacting to Rajiv's article, Spencer Ackerman makes the argument that "care to prevent civilian casualties won't be enough to protect US interests in Afghanistan against al-Qaeda and the Taliban; but lack of care will ensure that the population decisively turns against the U.S.-led coalition, and that pretty much forecloses U.S. options here."

I would quibble with this slightly. The problem here is that it is our presence - not necessarily our actions - that is putting Afghan lives in peril.  As this recent UN report show, roadside bombings, assassinations and suicide attacks are all up significantly from last year - as are the number of Afghans killed by NATO forces. So it's not as if lack of care by the United States is improving the lives of Afghans. Indeed, if our overriding goal was truly to protect civilians . . . well then we wouldn't be in southern and eastern Afghanistan in the first place.

As I noted today at World Politics Review, "U.S. military operations have created the worst of both worlds: continued violence against Afghan civilians and no significant rollback of Taliban momentum. Paradoxically, if Petraeus relaxes U.S. rule of engagement in Afghanistan, civilians may find themselves at greater risk of being harmed by U.S. soldiers, but still safer overall."

Moreover, continued failure to blunt the momentum of the Taliban militarily will almost certainly foreclose US options in Afghanistan - and that may come from both the Afghan government or perhaps more likely US public opinion.

So the choice we face in Afghanistan isn't between protecting civilians and not protecting civilians or blowing things up and not blowing things up.  As Spencer seems to be implicitly suggesting the issue is finding the middle ground between these two options.

And that means being clear about the fact - that if we are intent on fighting a war in southern and eastern Afghanistan -civilians are going to die in the process. While great care must be given to minimizing the loss of human life, it's not possible to square the circle and believe that such deaths can be avoided or even that the number of Afghans killed by American arms tells us much at all about how our presence there is perceived and ramifications of the war we are choosing to fight. 

If we're not willing to accept the fact that civilians are going to be killed in war - and that lives will be upturned by the determination that our perceived interests in southern and eastern Afghanistan trump those of local civilians - then we have no business fighting this war in the first place. This isn't intended as a dig on Spencer (who I'm sure understands this) but there is something frustrating about the way we seem to talk about civilian casualties in Afghanistan as if our very presence and our very decision to go to war is not a fundamental part of civilian suffering in Afghanistan.

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It is not like the lack of attention in the United States to improve the lives of Afghans. Indeed, if our goal was really to protect civilians. . . Well, would not be in the south and east Afghanistan in the first place.

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