Who Are You Calling A Federalist? Posted by David Shorr

Over on TPM Cafe Book Club, we had a good discussion last week about Michael Lind's fascinating American Way of Strategy (now out in paperback). I'm tardy in replying to a post of Michael's on sovereigntyand interventionism, so I'll respond here. Lind draws some important dividing lines, but he puts a little too much ideological baggage on my side of the dividce. It's worth quoting at length.

Unlike world federalists, we traditional liberal internationalists do not view a global society of sovereign states as a stepping-stone to a global federal government or a post-national global society. The global society of sovereign states is our final goal, and it is not an end in itself, but merely a means for distinct peoples to work out their local destinies with a minimum of unsought interference...

People who say that globalization is good because it is reducing the control of nation-states over flows of goods, capital and immigrants across borders by definition are not liberal internationalists, for whom nation-states should be free to choose their own trade policies, their own foreign investment policies, and their own immigration policies. Countries may choose stupid and counterproductive policies, but that is their right.

I guess we do disagree about ultimate ends, though I'm not sure. I know I'm not celebrating the breakdown of national borders and waiting for the eschaton of a global government. I do see it as possible, even desirable, for national differences to fade over the long term, the very long term. A new basis for global society could emerge, but it is a question for some future century, so I don't know how much of a difference that leaves between Lind and myself. In the meantime, I certainly recognize the importance of sovereign nation-states as the building blocks of the current (and forseeable) international order.

Lind and I do clearly have different understandings of interdependence, its nature and its implications. Sovereign nations indeed have their own policy prerogatives. Whatever their rights as independent actors and their policy choices, they will not be able to insulate themselves from international trends and pressures. And that's why we have a global society and not global government. I do want more countries to choose constructive policies and think that such alignment is possible and influence-able, short of global government. Michael portrays too much of an all-or-nothing false choice between a supra-national authority and laissez faire international politics. I think there is a much wider range of possibilities in between denial of sovereignty and mild moral suasion than Lind admits. Even the concept of national sovereignty may not be so cut and dried. As Kal Raustiala of UCLA argued in his 2003 article "Rethinking the Sovereignty Debate in International Economic Law," many international norms fill in gaps where there isn't operative sovereignty rather than subverting existing national sovereignty.

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