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May 29, 2007

Glad to be here, and Worried about the Kurds
Posted by Jerry Mayer

Thanks to Ilan and everyone for having me here on this temporary guest blog slot.  I'll try not to be boring.
I'm just back from three weeks in Europe, and while I was lecturing on American foreign policy, I was worried about northern Iraq the whole time.  What?  Worried about the only part of iraq that is relatively peaceful and quite prosperous?  Sure, because it is quite likely that sometime between now and January '08, Turkish troops will cross that border in pursuit of the PKK, the Kurdish guerrilla movement that they've been fighting for years.  There are several reasons why this could well happen. First, the Turks are quite emotionally attached to the rights of Turks everywhere.  There is a small Turkomen population in Iraq, located amidst a large Kurdish population, with population centers in Mosul and Kirkuk.  Before January, the Kurds have been promised a referendum in Kirkuk, a center for oil production in northern Iraq.  If they win, and they likely will, Turkish leaders have promised serious action, both because it would be bad news for the Iraqi Turks and because having all that oil would greatly empower Iraqi Kurdistan.  Another reason for Turkish action is the ongoing secularist-Islamic divide in Turkish politics, which is getting quite hot.  Prime Minister Erdogan's religious rhetoric scares many in the Turkish military, but if he gave them a war against the Kurds, all enmity would be forgotten.  Just as Bismarck united disparate strands of Germany with blood and iron, Turkish unity would be reforged by conflict with the Kurds.  Finally, Turkey might be restrained by its hopes of getting into the EU, but with the election of Sarkozy, that looks even less likely.  Turkey has less and less to lose and much to gain, by intervention.  Of course, this will represent a catastrophe for Bush's foreign policy, since Turkey is, after Israel, by far our best friend in the region, and the Kurds are our strongest allies in Iraq.  But don't think it can't happen.  Turkey has invaded Iraq several times in recent years, only border incursions, granted, but Turkish anger at the Kurds is rising.  This passionate commentary is typical.  Might all be just saber rattling but I don't think so...And what is most alarming of all is that I'm not confident that the current foreign policy team at State or in the NSC has the foggiest idea of how to prevent this.  I'll post some of my ideas on how to do that in a later post.
(for    Background  on the conflict.)(UPDATE--Turns out my background was a little on the biased side, and a Turkish American friend was good enough to point it out. Here's two better ones..... Background1 Background2
Update the SECOND--This article from the Washington Post this AM talks about the likelihood of a Turkish incursion. (*What a cheerful way to start my blogging here--a scenario describing how the war in Iraq gets WORSE...*)

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Comments

I think the largest prospect and most publicly supported justification for Turkish intervention into Northern Iraq would be a declaration of independence by the Kurds. While I do not see the immediate trigger between oil rights and interventionism, a economically independent Kurdistan (independent or not) that systematically opresses Turks may spark your predicted confrontation. Call me an optimist, but I believe there will be enough time to negotiate some sort of settlement to allow all persons in Northern Iraq to benefit.

Kurds, afterall, have been waiting for years to gain their own state.

Hi Allen,

Yes, if the Kurds declared independence, that would definitely move things in Ankara. And I doubt the Kurds will be particularly cruel to the Turks in Iraqi Kurdistan. But taking Kirkuk has already been identified as a flashpoint by some Turkish leaders.

I hope you're right, though. The pesh merga vs. the Turkish military is not a conflict we need to see again. It is a fight that the Turks would win, but both would lose, and America would lose as well.

Incidentally, the links in my post are wrong--they have an extra http, just eliminate and they'll work. Sorry! I'll try to fix it.

What do you think about the Sunni-Shia, Sunni-Kurdish, Shia-Kurdish tensions? It is quite possible that, Kirkuk might get hot without any Turkish intervention. It is no secret that Iran is trying to exert influence in the region and is waiting the day the US leaves Iraq to create a Shia puppet state, and Kirkuk with its vast oil is not only a prize for Kurds, but others as well.

Most people always assume that the biggest block in front of an independent Kurdish state is Turkey, but what about Iran which also has an ethnic Kurdish population? Considering that Iran exerts much more influence than Turkey, or even the US, in Iraq, maybe Iran also has other plans.. Why wouldn't they want to assume control of Kirkuk's oil? I don't know, but neither Shias nor Sunni Arabs are too ecstatic about Kirkuk becoming part of a Kurdish entity either. I just think that the Turks are not so relevant at this stage (even though they can become much more so if they do decide to invade Northern Iraq). Don't forget that in the past, Syria, Iraq, Turkey and many ethno-religious groups could unite in a second if they felt that an independent Kurdish entity could be born; no matter how much in fighting was going on between them. Many Sunni and Shia already consider that Kurds are Americans' agents, so there is no love lost there.

Good points, Baris. Both Syria and Iran have Kurdish populations and real concerns. In 1974 we abandoned the Kurds after encouraging them to rise up in Iraq, because the Shah was worried that it would spill over the border. Kurdish irredentism scares a lot of different nations. I also think that many Sunni and Shia Iraqis oppose the Kurdish takeover of Kirkuk. So a lot could happen that doesn't involve Turkey after the referendum.

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