Kemal Dervis on the podium
Posted by Suzanne Nossel
Last night at dinner a group of foundation people and journalists were saying Dervis could emerge as a potential successor to Kofi Annan as UN Secretary General (SYG). As he speaks, let's see if he meets these criteria.
He's pointing out that a lot of development aid is directed with military or political purposes - rather than true developmental goals - in mind, and then judged to be a failure. If you correct for this and look only at aid channeled with development objectives in mind, the results look much more positive. There's a paper by Nancy Birdsall and Stewart Patrick on this topic posted at www.securitypeace.org that is worth checking out.
Seventy-percent of US aid is "tied" whereas other donors have moved much more quickly to untied aid, which is demonstrated to be more effective. Eighty percent of people now live in countries where income inequality is rising (US and China top the list).
He thinks there may be another opportunity to revive multilateralism on development because the limits of the unilateral approach are being exposed. The US HAS to be the leader, he says (this bodes well along one of my criteria). He acknowledges that as a superpower under some conditions we will have to behave differently (an important acknowledgement for a potential SYG).
He references the need for the US to "submit" its disputes to international institutions, quoting JFK on the word "submits." We set up the rules-based system and must abide by it.
We have tiny states with the legal right of soveriegnty. It's good to hear him acknowledge it, because it is problematic in forums like the UN for a Nauru and Kiribati to share the same rights as a US, India or China. He's talking about weighted voting -- this may kill his prospects at the UN. He's saying that consensus-based rules are a recipe for paralysis and you need some kind of weighted voting to make progress. This will be anathema to much of the developing world, mostly small and powerless countries that love the UN for the very fact that, in the General Assembly, it treats them as formally equal to the great powers.
The next SYG? I dunno. He's articulate, thoughtful, passionate, evinces some understanding and sympathy toward the US position and is not afraid to challenge some orthodoxies.
I wonder if you could open a discussion thread with your own thoughts on the problem of representation at the international level.
The dilemmas of the UN arise because the organization is represents only governments and not all of these are equal. The solution in our own Congress to a similar problem was to have one of its two houses represent population. But this would be problematical for the UN General Assembly because (in addition to marginalizing small states) it would also marginalize four of the permanent members of the Security Council and require the fifth to institute democratic elections.
But we don't have to reform existing international institutions to begin to explore alternative ways to represent the world. I think a case could be made for a new international body, directly elected by the people of those nations that agree to participate in it, and possessing the right to collect revenue (eg. through postage stamp sales and a voluntarily accepted surtax on merchandise sold in airport shops) to support some limited sphere of activity that does not engender controversy. An organization of this kind would give the principle of directly representing a global electorate an opportunity to be tested with relatively minor consequences if it runs into trouble.
No amount of tinkering with the existing United Nations will really get around the inherent limitations of its basis as an association of sovereign governments. The UN can still do a lot of good with improvements that respect its basic limits. But if we really want to explore deeper reform, we should begin to experiment outside the UN in small ways to represent a global electorate rather than governments.
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